This category covers the process of how the information is encoded, sent, and checked for errors. You will receive papers on error-correcting codes, parity checks, and schemes utilizing hashes which help to recognize and repair errors while moving data. Articles outline popular schemes such as BCH as well as Reed-Solomon codes and additional schemes which ensure the reliability of the data where the system is decentralized or unstable. These techniques find extensive application in telecommunications, blockchain backup, as well as checking the correctness of digital information.