The plaintext-recovery-under-chosen-plaintext-attack advantage (PR-CPA advantage) is defined as the probability that an algorithm with fixed computational resources can use a to decrypt a randomly selected message that has been encrypted with a . It is regarded as a fundamental quantity in cryptography since every symmetric encryption scheme must obviously must have a very low PR-CPA advantage to be secure. Though having a low susceptibility to this sort of attack is a necessary condition for an encryption scheme’s security, it is not sufficient to ensure security. This is because partial information about the plaintext can often be recovered (for example the least significant bit of the message).

Source

http://wikipedia.org/

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